Vitamin D Supplementation for Pregnant Women in Bulgaria

Anna-Maria Borissovа; Boyana Trifonova; Lilia Dakovska; Eugenia Mihailova; Mircho Vukov

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ejpm.20200804.14

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Vitamin D Supplementation for Pregnant Women in Bulgaria

Anna-Maria Borissovа, Boyana Trifonova, Lilia Dakovska, Eugenia Mihailova, Mircho Vukov

Published in European Journal of Preventive Medicine (Volume 8, Issue 4)

Received: 30 June 2020 Accepted: 22 July 2020 Published: 18 August 2020

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Abstract

The aim: of our study was to evaluate the levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25 (OH) D] in pregnant Bulgarian women with and without vitamin D supplementation. Material and methods: We investigated 547 pregnant Bulgarian women, mean age 30±5 years, median 30 (18-47). All pregnant women filled in a specially designed standard questionnaire. The cohort consisted of 547 unselected pregnant women, 278/547 (50.82%) taking vitamins at the time of the investigation, as a monotherapy or in combination with other medications. We introduced four category level of vitamin D: Severe deficiency: < 10 ng / ml; Moderate deficiency: 10 - 20 ng / ml; Insufficiency: 20 - 30 ng / ml; Sufficiency: > 30 ng / ml. The peripheral levels of 25(OH)D were investigated using a standard Electro Chemyluminescence Immuno Assay (Competition principle) in a central laboratory on the day of the sampling. Results: For the whole group (547 pregnant women), the mean 25(OH)D level was 25.86±9.46 ng / ml; median 24.51 (7.96 - 70.00), corresponding to mild insufficiency. Sufficient vitamin D (≥ 30 ng / ml) had a significantly higher percentage of pregnant women supplemented with vitamin D compared to the non-supplementеd group - 87 (31.29%) versus 61 (22.68%), P < 0.05. At the same time, vitamin D deficiency (< 20 ng/ml) was significantly higher in pregnant women without supplementation with vitamin D - 86 (31.98%) versus those with supplementation - 61 (21.94%), P < 0.01. In conclusion: the levels of vitamin D among pregnant Bulgarian women are within the span of mild insufficiency, probably due to the intake of combined vitamin supplements by approximately half of the studied women during the pregnancy.

Published in	European Journal of Preventive Medicine (Volume 8, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ejpm.20200804.14
Page(s)	56-60
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Vitamin D, Pregnancy, Vitamin Supplementation

References

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[8]	Gallo S, McDermid JM, Al-Nimr RI, Hakeem R, Moreschi JM, Pari-Keener M, Stahnke, B, Papoutsakis C, Handu D, Cheng FW. (2020). Vitamin D Supplementation during Pregnancy: An Evidence Analysis Center Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Acad Nutr Diet. May; 120 (5): 898-924.
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[13]	Holick MF, Binkley NC, Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Gordon CM, Hanley DA, Heaney RP, Murad MH, Weaver CM. (2011). Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab; 96 (7): 1911-1930.
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APA Style

Anna-Maria Borissovа, Boyana Trifonova, Lilia Dakovska, Eugenia Mihailova, Mircho Vukov. (2020). Vitamin D Supplementation for Pregnant Women in Bulgaria. European Journal of Preventive Medicine, 8(4), 56-60. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20200804.14

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ACS Style

Anna-Maria Borissovа; Boyana Trifonova; Lilia Dakovska; Eugenia Mihailova; Mircho Vukov. Vitamin D Supplementation for Pregnant Women in Bulgaria. Eur. J. Prev. Med. 2020, 8(4), 56-60. doi: 10.11648/j.ejpm.20200804.14

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AMA Style

Anna-Maria Borissovа, Boyana Trifonova, Lilia Dakovska, Eugenia Mihailova, Mircho Vukov. Vitamin D Supplementation for Pregnant Women in Bulgaria. Eur J Prev Med. 2020;8(4):56-60. doi: 10.11648/j.ejpm.20200804.14

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@article{10.11648/j.ejpm.20200804.14,
  author = {Anna-Maria Borissovа and Boyana Trifonova and Lilia Dakovska and Eugenia Mihailova and Mircho Vukov},
  title = {Vitamin D Supplementation for Pregnant Women in Bulgaria},
  journal = {European Journal of Preventive Medicine},
  volume = {8},
  number = {4},
  pages = {56-60},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ejpm.20200804.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20200804.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ejpm.20200804.14},
  abstract = {The aim: of our study was to evaluate the levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25 (OH) D] in pregnant Bulgarian women with and without vitamin D supplementation. Material and methods: We investigated 547 pregnant Bulgarian women, mean age 30±5 years, median 30 (18-47). All pregnant women filled in a specially designed standard questionnaire. The cohort consisted of 547 unselected pregnant women, 278/547 (50.82%) taking vitamins at the time of the investigation, as a monotherapy or in combination with other medications. We introduced four category level of vitamin D: Severe deficiency:  30 ng / ml. The peripheral levels of 25(OH)D were investigated using a standard Electro Chemyluminescence Immuno Assay (Competition principle) in a central laboratory on the day of the sampling. Results: For the whole group (547 pregnant women), the mean 25(OH)D level was 25.86±9.46 ng / ml; median 24.51 (7.96 - 70.00), corresponding to mild insufficiency. Sufficient vitamin D (≥ 30 ng / ml) had a significantly higher percentage of pregnant women supplemented with vitamin D compared to the non-supplementеd group - 87 (31.29%) versus 61 (22.68%), P In conclusion: the levels of vitamin D among pregnant Bulgarian women are within the span of mild insufficiency, probably due to the intake of combined vitamin supplements by approximately half of the studied women during the pregnancy.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Vitamin D Supplementation for Pregnant Women in Bulgaria
AU  - Anna-Maria Borissovа
AU  - Boyana Trifonova
AU  - Lilia Dakovska
AU  - Eugenia Mihailova
AU  - Mircho Vukov
Y1  - 2020/08/18
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20200804.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ejpm.20200804.14
T2  - European Journal of Preventive Medicine
JF  - European Journal of Preventive Medicine
JO  - European Journal of Preventive Medicine
SP  - 56
EP  - 60
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8230
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20200804.14
AB  - The aim: of our study was to evaluate the levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25 (OH) D] in pregnant Bulgarian women with and without vitamin D supplementation. Material and methods: We investigated 547 pregnant Bulgarian women, mean age 30±5 years, median 30 (18-47). All pregnant women filled in a specially designed standard questionnaire. The cohort consisted of 547 unselected pregnant women, 278/547 (50.82%) taking vitamins at the time of the investigation, as a monotherapy or in combination with other medications. We introduced four category level of vitamin D: Severe deficiency:  30 ng / ml. The peripheral levels of 25(OH)D were investigated using a standard Electro Chemyluminescence Immuno Assay (Competition principle) in a central laboratory on the day of the sampling. Results: For the whole group (547 pregnant women), the mean 25(OH)D level was 25.86±9.46 ng / ml; median 24.51 (7.96 - 70.00), corresponding to mild insufficiency. Sufficient vitamin D (≥ 30 ng / ml) had a significantly higher percentage of pregnant women supplemented with vitamin D compared to the non-supplementеd group - 87 (31.29%) versus 61 (22.68%), P In conclusion: the levels of vitamin D among pregnant Bulgarian women are within the span of mild insufficiency, probably due to the intake of combined vitamin supplements by approximately half of the studied women during the pregnancy.
VL  - 8
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Anna-Maria Borissovа

Clinic of Endocrinology, University Hospital Sofiamed, Sofia, Bulgaria
Boyana Trifonova

Clinic of Endocrinology, University Hospital Sofiamed, Sofia, Bulgaria
Lilia Dakovska

Clinic of Endocrinology, University Hospital Sofiamed, Sofia, Bulgaria
Eugenia Mihailova

Clinic of Endocrinology, University Hospital Sofiamed, Sofia, Bulgaria
Mircho Vukov

Clinic of Endocrinology, University Hospital Sofiamed, Sofia, Bulgaria

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APA Style

Anna-Maria Borissovа, Boyana Trifonova, Lilia Dakovska, Eugenia Mihailova, Mircho Vukov. (2020). Vitamin D Supplementation for Pregnant Women in Bulgaria. European Journal of Preventive Medicine, 8(4), 56-60. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20200804.14

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ACS Style

Anna-Maria Borissovа; Boyana Trifonova; Lilia Dakovska; Eugenia Mihailova; Mircho Vukov. Vitamin D Supplementation for Pregnant Women in Bulgaria. Eur. J. Prev. Med. 2020, 8(4), 56-60. doi: 10.11648/j.ejpm.20200804.14

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AMA Style

Anna-Maria Borissovа, Boyana Trifonova, Lilia Dakovska, Eugenia Mihailova, Mircho Vukov. Vitamin D Supplementation for Pregnant Women in Bulgaria. Eur J Prev Med. 2020;8(4):56-60. doi: 10.11648/j.ejpm.20200804.14

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@article{10.11648/j.ejpm.20200804.14,
  author = {Anna-Maria Borissovа and Boyana Trifonova and Lilia Dakovska and Eugenia Mihailova and Mircho Vukov},
  title = {Vitamin D Supplementation for Pregnant Women in Bulgaria},
  journal = {European Journal of Preventive Medicine},
  volume = {8},
  number = {4},
  pages = {56-60},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ejpm.20200804.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20200804.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ejpm.20200804.14},
  abstract = {The aim: of our study was to evaluate the levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25 (OH) D] in pregnant Bulgarian women with and without vitamin D supplementation. Material and methods: We investigated 547 pregnant Bulgarian women, mean age 30±5 years, median 30 (18-47). All pregnant women filled in a specially designed standard questionnaire. The cohort consisted of 547 unselected pregnant women, 278/547 (50.82%) taking vitamins at the time of the investigation, as a monotherapy or in combination with other medications. We introduced four category level of vitamin D: Severe deficiency:  30 ng / ml. The peripheral levels of 25(OH)D were investigated using a standard Electro Chemyluminescence Immuno Assay (Competition principle) in a central laboratory on the day of the sampling. Results: For the whole group (547 pregnant women), the mean 25(OH)D level was 25.86±9.46 ng / ml; median 24.51 (7.96 - 70.00), corresponding to mild insufficiency. Sufficient vitamin D (≥ 30 ng / ml) had a significantly higher percentage of pregnant women supplemented with vitamin D compared to the non-supplementеd group - 87 (31.29%) versus 61 (22.68%), P In conclusion: the levels of vitamin D among pregnant Bulgarian women are within the span of mild insufficiency, probably due to the intake of combined vitamin supplements by approximately half of the studied women during the pregnancy.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Vitamin D Supplementation for Pregnant Women in Bulgaria
AU  - Anna-Maria Borissovа
AU  - Boyana Trifonova
AU  - Lilia Dakovska
AU  - Eugenia Mihailova
AU  - Mircho Vukov
Y1  - 2020/08/18
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20200804.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ejpm.20200804.14
T2  - European Journal of Preventive Medicine
JF  - European Journal of Preventive Medicine
JO  - European Journal of Preventive Medicine
SP  - 56
EP  - 60
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8230
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20200804.14
AB  - The aim: of our study was to evaluate the levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25 (OH) D] in pregnant Bulgarian women with and without vitamin D supplementation. Material and methods: We investigated 547 pregnant Bulgarian women, mean age 30±5 years, median 30 (18-47). All pregnant women filled in a specially designed standard questionnaire. The cohort consisted of 547 unselected pregnant women, 278/547 (50.82%) taking vitamins at the time of the investigation, as a monotherapy or in combination with other medications. We introduced four category level of vitamin D: Severe deficiency:  30 ng / ml. The peripheral levels of 25(OH)D were investigated using a standard Electro Chemyluminescence Immuno Assay (Competition principle) in a central laboratory on the day of the sampling. Results: For the whole group (547 pregnant women), the mean 25(OH)D level was 25.86±9.46 ng / ml; median 24.51 (7.96 - 70.00), corresponding to mild insufficiency. Sufficient vitamin D (≥ 30 ng / ml) had a significantly higher percentage of pregnant women supplemented with vitamin D compared to the non-supplementеd group - 87 (31.29%) versus 61 (22.68%), P In conclusion: the levels of vitamin D among pregnant Bulgarian women are within the span of mild insufficiency, probably due to the intake of combined vitamin supplements by approximately half of the studied women during the pregnancy.
VL  - 8
IS  - 4
ER  -

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